Subject Of Research Research Articles

Some inconvenient truths about decarbonization, the hydrogen economy, and power-to-X technologies

The decarbonization of the energy sector has been a subject of research and of political discussions for several decades, gaining significant attention in the last years. It is commonly acknowledged that the most obvious way to achieve decarbonization is the use of renewable energy sources.Within the context of the energy sector decarbonization, many mainly industrialized countries recently started developing national plans to establish a hydrogen-based economy in the very near future. The plans for green hydrogen initially try to (a) target sectors that are difficult to decarbonize and (b) address issues related to the storage and transportation of CO2-free energy.To achieve almost complete decarbonization, electric power must be generated exclusively from renewable sources. In so-called Power-to-X (PtX) technologies, green hydrogen is generated from electricity and subsequently converted to another energy carrier which can be further stored, transported and used. In PtX, X stands, for example, for liquid hydrogen, methanol or ammonia.The challenges associated with decarbonization include those associated with (a) the expansion of renewable energies (e.g., high capital demand, political and social issues), (b) the production, transportation, and storage of hydrogen and the energy carriers denoted by X in PtX (e.g., high cost and low overall efficiency), and (c) the expected significant increase in the demand for electrical energy. The paper discusses whether and under which conditions the current national and international hydrogen plans of many industrialized countries could lead to a maximization of decarbonization in the world. It concludes that, in general, as long as the conditions for generating large excess amounts of green electricity are not met, the quick establishment of a hydrogen economy could not only be very expensive, but also counterproductive to the worldwide decarbonization efforts.

Effect of weight loss program using prebiotics and probiotics on body composition, physique, and metabolic products: longitudinal intervention study

The relationship between gut microbiota and obesity has recently been an important subject for research as the gut microbiota is thought to affect body homeostasis including body weight and composition, intervening with pro and prebiotics is an intelligent possible way for obesity management. To evaluate the effect of hypo caloric adequate fiber regimen with probiotic supplementation and physical exercise, whether it will have a good impact on health, body composition, and physique among obese Egyptian women or has no significant effect. The enrolled 58 women, in this longitudinal follow-up intervention study; followed a weight loss eating regimen (prebiotic), including a low-carbohydrate adequate-fiber adequate-protein dietary pattern with decreased energy intake. They additionally received daily probiotic supplements in the form of yogurt and were instructed to exercise regularly for 3 months. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, laboratory investigations, and microbiota analysis were obtained before and after the 3 months weight loss program. Statistically highly significant differences in the anthropometry, body composition parameters: and obesity-related biomarkers (Leptin, ALT, and AST) between the pre and post-follow-up measurements at the end of the study as they were all decreased. The prebiotic and probiotic supplementation induced statistically highly significant alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota with increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio. Hypo caloric adequate fiber regimen diet with probiotics positively impacts body composition and is effective for weight loss normalizing serum Leptin and AST.

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio on Admission to Predict Mortality of COVID-19 Elderly Patients

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus Disease-2 (SARS-COV-2) is the cause of COVID-19, which led to a global pandemic and high mortality rate, especially in elderly patients. The declining immune system in elderly patients and comorbid diseases lead to more severe symptoms and an increased mortality rate. Many studies have shown that a high Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) value can predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, studies on NLR in elderly patients in Indonesia have rarely been conducted. This study aimed to determine the role of NLR on admission as a mortality predictor in COVID-19 elderly patients who underwent in-hospital treatment. This research is an analytical observational study with a retrospective cohort method conducted in Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research subjects were selected from July 2020 to October 2021 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were all elderly COVID-19 patients with an age limit of > 60 years old who had complete hemogram data on admission, demographic data, diagnostic criteria, types of comorbid diseases, and patient outcomes (survivor or non-survivor). The exclusion criteria were elderly COVID-19 patients with incomplete Electronic Medical Records (EMR). This study found 122 elderly patients with COVID-19 with a mortality rate of 30.33%. The result showed that NLR on admission significantly increased significantly in the non-survivor group compared to the survivor group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis presented severity (RR: 5.181; CI 1.662-16.154; p=0.005), comorbid diabetes mellitus (RR: 2.829; CI: 1.115-7.178), NLR > 6.04 (RR: 6.356; CI: 2.428-16.639) and other comorbid, namely thyroid, autoimmune, cancer, and anemia (RR: 15.836; CI: 1.841-136.234; p=0.012) as factors of mortality in hospitalized elderly patients.

Pore Fractal Characteristics between Marine and Marine–Continental Transitional Black Shales: A Case Study of Niutitang Formation and Longtan Formation

Marine shales from the Niutitang Formation and marine–continental transitional shales from the Longtan Formation are two sets of extremely important hydrocarbon source rocks in South China. In order to quantitatively compare the pore complexity characteristics between marine and marine–continental transitional shales, the shale and kerogen of the Niutitang Formation and the Longtan Formation are taken as our research subjects. Based on organic petrology, geochemistry, and low-temperature gas adsorption analyses, the fractal dimension of their pores is calculated by the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) and Sierpinski models, and the influences of total organic carbon (TOC), vitrinite reflectance (Ro), and mineral composition on the pore fractals of the shale and kerogen are discussed. Our results show the following: (1) Marine shale predominantly has wedge-shaped and slit pores, while marine–continental transitional shale has inkpot-shaped and slit pores. (2) Cylindrical pores are common in organic matter of both shale types, with marine shale having a greater gas storage space (CRV) from organic matter pores, while marine–continental transitional shale relies more on inorganic pores, especially interlayer clay mineral pores, for gas storage due to their large specific surface area and high adsorption capacity (CRA). (3) The fractal characteristics of marine and marine–continental transitional shale pores are influenced differently. In marine shale, TOC positively correlates with fractal dimensions, while in marine–continental shale, Ro and clay minerals have a stronger influence. Ro is the primary factor affecting organic matter pore complexity. (4) Our two pore fractal models show that the complexity of the shale in the Longtan Formation surpasses that of the shale in the Niutitang Formation, and type I kerogen has more complex organic matter pores than type III, aiding in evaluating pore connectivity and flow effectiveness in shale reservoirs.

Temporally resolved relative krypton neutral density during breathing mode of a hall effect thruster recorded by TALIF

A key issue in the development of theory and models for plasma propulsion devices is to describe the instabilities and fluctuations of the devices. It has been widely recognized that many Hall effect thrusters (HETs) exhibit oscillations at frequencies in the range of ∼ 20 kHz. These ionization-related oscillations are generally referred to as Breathing Mode oscillations and have been the subject of considerable research. Here, for the first time, we report direct temporally resolved measurements of the ground state neutral density variation during the period of the oscillation. We used the laser-based Two-Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) technique to measure neutrals within the plume of a 1.5 kW HET operating on krypton (Kr). Our TALIF scheme employs a frequency-doubled, pulsed dye laser operating at ∼ 212 nm to probe ground state Kr atoms. A novel phase-binning approach is used to recover the time-dependent signal by assigning the timing of each collected TALIF signal (laser shot) relative to the phase of the discharge current. We find that the neutral density fluctuates quite strongly over the period of the oscillation, and that this fluctuation leads the current fluctuation as expected.

The Geometric Construction of Hexagonal Apses in Mediaeval Hungary

Geometric construction in Gothic architecture has been a popular subject of research for centuries. The use and extent of quadrature and triangulation grids has long been debated, as the few architectural drawings that survived from the era do not indicate the construction process. Modern surveying methods, however, allow us to inspect the exact geometry of a building with all its irregularities – in the case of this article we use 3D point clouds created by laser scanning, from which accurate measurements can be taken.In our study we analyse four churches from mediaeval Hungary: the Franciscan church of Szeged-Alsóváros, the fortified church of Cincu (RO, Nagysink/Großschenk), the Franciscan church of GyöngyösAlsóváros and the fortified church of Mediaș (RO, Medgyes/Mediasch). Each of these are built with elon-gated choirs and approximately hexagonal apses. We explore the possible construction systems of these buildings and compare them to each other. We aim to present the similarities and differences between them and to offer likely explanations of their irregularities. Moreover, we propose the significance of construction circles used for creating a triangulation grid.

Ethical Problems of Observational Studies and Big Data Compared to Randomized Trials.

The temptation to use prospective observational studies (POS) instead of conducting difficult trials (RCTs) has always existed, but with the advent of powerful computers and large databases, it can become almost irresistible. We examine the potential consequences, were this to occur, by comparing two hypothetical studies of a new treatment: one RCT, and one POS. The POS inevitably submits more patients to inferior research methodology. In RCTs, patients are clearly informed of the research context, and 1:1 randomized allocation between experimental and validated treatment balances risks for each patient. In POS, for each patient, the risks of receiving inferior treatment are impossible to estimate. The research context and the uncertainty are down-played, and patients and clinicians are at risk of becoming passive research subjects in studies performed from an outsider's view, which potentially has extraneous objectives, and is conducted without their explicit, autonomous, and voluntary involvement and consent.

CREATIVITY OF C. JUNG IN THE ASPECT OF PERSONALITY SELF REALIZATION IN COMPARISON WITH THE VEDIC CONCEPT

Relevance. The problem of self-realization of a person at the moment is one of the cardinal problems of our time. The purpose of the study is to analyze the methodological foundations of the study of the problem of self-realization of the individual in the works of Carl Jung. A comparative analysis of his work in comparison with Indian religious and philosophical thought is carried out. Methodology. In this study, the main methodological principle is comparative analysis. In the work, in addition to the comparative method, the methods of the unity of the historical, and logical and the descent from the abstract to the concrete are used, which are important for understanding the subject of research. The research also made use of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, abstraction. Results. In the opinion of the author, C. Jung's concept of the collective unconscious is difficult to understand without drawing parallels with the understanding of the concepts of Brahman and Atman in Indian philosophy, where through the connection of the individual soul (Atman) with the Absolute God (Brahman) a state of enlightenment (omniscient) is achieved. The use of a comparative approach allows us to assert that Carl Jung's work was significantly influenced by his fascination with Eastern philosophy, especially Indian philosophy. Appropriate parallels can be drawn between Jung's teaching and Indian religious-philosophical thought concerning the self-realization of the individual, which passes into God-realization. C. Jung, considering himself a god-like being, founded the Psychology Club, which acted like an Indian religious community led by a charismatic personality, where higher knowledge was obtained through a system of yogic practice, by achieving enlightenment. Similar to the Indian religious-philosophical tradition, he shared the concept of karma and reincarnation.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of the essential oil from Pistacia atlantica Desf. oleoresin on human gastric cancer cell lines.

Numerous herbal products have been the subject of research regarding their potential role in cancer prevention or adjuvant therapy. Pistacia atlantica and its main phytochemicals have garnered significant attention for their potential anti-cancer effects. The study aimed to assess the growth inhibitory effects of P. atlantica essential oil (PAEO) on MKN-45 and AGS cells. This study quantified the volatile compounds in PAEO using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, MKN-45 and AGS cells were treated with varying concentrations of PAEO (5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, 0.3125%, 0.156%, 0.0781%, 0.0391%, 0.0195%) for 24h. Cell viability was evaluated through the MTT assay. The impact of PAEO on gene expression was investigated by quantifying the mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl2 in the various experimental groups using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Additionally, flow cytometry was utilized to evaluate apoptosis in the treated cells. The analysis of PAEO revealed that α-pinene was the predominant monoterpene, constituting 87.9% of the oil composition. The cytotoxic effects of PAEO were evaluated, and it was found that the oil significantly reduced the viability of MKN-45 and AGS cells. The IC50 for MKN-45 cells was determined to be 1.94 × 10-3% after 24h of treatment, while for AGS cells the IC50 was 2.8 × 10-3% after 24h. Additionally, the research revealed that PAEO triggered a notable rise in apoptotic cells in both AGS and MKN-45 cell lines. Moreover, at the molecular level, the findings indicated an increase in Bax expression and a decrease in Bcl2 mRNA expression, providing further evidence of the induction of apoptosis in both MKN-45 and AGS cell lines following PAEO treatment. The findings of this study offer evidence supporting the cytotoxic effects of PAEO on gastric cancer cell lines by promoting apoptosis. The findings suggest that PAEO may offer potential as a therapeutic candidate in managing and treating gastric cancer.

Interviewing in the metaverse: The renewed importance of location and embodiment

In this paper, we explore the methodological implications of conducting online qualitative interviews in the metaverse through virtual reality (VR). Technology companies have invested heavily in creating metaverse platforms for bringing people together in digital worlds, yet there is a significant absence of geographical research examining the implications of these spaces. Twenty-six undergraduate students participated in a remote interviewing exercise using the platform AltSpaceVR. Face-to-face interviews were subsequently conducted to gather their reflections about the experience of research interviews in a metaverse. The study highlights the significance of immersion and presence in virtual environments. Participants noted that, in contrast to video interviewing, the immersive nature of the virtual space resembled conventional face-to-face interviews. A sense of immersion and presence enhances the authenticity of the interview experience. There were, however, challenges in interface management and the role of avatars altering the embodied connection with the research subjects. The avatars provided personal representation but introduce complexities in establishing genuine connections and rapport. In our discussion of the implications for VR qualitative research, we emphasise the interplay of immersion, presence and embodiment which can add real value to remote interviewing experience, while reflecting on the technical and physiological limitations.

Penggunaan Media Flipbook Digital untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Materi Cahaya dan Sifatnya

This research has the main problem, namely the lack of use of digital media and the lack of motivation to learn in class V students at SD Negeri 1 Maniskidul. The aim of this research is to find out how learning is implemented using digital flipbook media and how students' learning motivation is after using digital flipbook media regarding light and its properties. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive study design, data collection is carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects studied were the class V homeroom teacher and class V students of SD Negeri 1 Maniskidul, totaling 30 people, namely 15 boys and 15 girls. The conclusion produced during the research was that the implementation of learning using digital flipbook media was researched through observations of teachers and class V students with very good results. Meanwhile, observations and interviews were carried out on fifth grade elementary school students with a total of 30 students, after using digital flipbook media there was an increase in motivation, the results became 2 categories derived from the learning motivation indicators themselves, namely 27 students who met the 8 indicators, and There were 3 students who met the 6 indicators.

Response Mechanism of cbbM Carbon Sequestration Microbial Community Characteristics in Different Wetland Types in Qinghai Lake

Carbon-sequestering microorganisms play an important role in the carbon cycle of wetland ecosystems. However, the response mechanism of carbon-sequestering microbial communities to wetland type changes and their relationship with soil carbon remain unclear. To explore these differences and identify the main influencing factors, this study selected marsh wetlands, river wetlands and lakeside wetlands around Qinghai Lake as research subjects. High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the functional gene cbbM of carbon-sequestering microorganisms. The results revealed that the alpha diversity of cbbM carbon-sequestering microorganisms mirrored the trend in total carbon content, with the highest diversity observed in marsh wetlands and the lowest in lakeside wetlands. The dominant bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria, with prevalent genera including Thiothrix, Acidithiobacillus, and Thiodictyon. Acidithiobacillus served as a biomarker in lakeside wetlands, while two other genera were indicative of marsh wetlands. The hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that the diversity of cbbM carbon-fixing microorganisms was primarily influenced by the total nitrogen content, while the community structure was significantly affected by the soil total carbon content. Moreover, an increased soil temperature and humidity were found to favor the carbon fixation processes of Thiomicrospira, Thiomonas, Polaromonas, and Acidithiobacillus. In summary, changes in wetland types seriously affected the characteristics of cbbM carbon sequestration in microbial communities, and a warm and humid climate may be conducive to wetland carbon sequestration.

Acquisition of Acehnese Language Phonemes in 2-4 Year Old Children

The aims of this research are; 1) Describe the theory of acquiring the Acehnese language in children aged 2-4 years, 2) Describe the process of acquiring the Acehnese language in children aged 2-4 years. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological type. The subjects of this research were 2 children aged 2-4 years, the first child from Gampong Meunasah Mampree, Syamtalira Aron District, North Aceh Regency, and the second child from Gampong Blang, Tanah Pasir District, North Aceh Regency. Data collection techniques use observation and question and answer. The data obtained was then compiled in the form of observation field notes and questions and answers for children aged 2-4 years which were then analyzed to determine the acquisition of Acehnese language phonemes used by children aged 2 years in their daily lives. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the language acquisition of Muhammad Aksan Rafassya aged 3 years is very good. The research subjects had mastered vowel and consonant sounds. At the age of 2 years Aksan was able to own and master words in his surroundings. This is also strengthened by mastery of nouns, adjectives and verbs. Meanwhile, Hidayatul Azizi's language acquisition at the age of 2 years is not good because he is not yet very fluent in pronouncing consonant sounds. However, at the age of 2 years Hidayatul Azizi was able to pronounce vowel sounds well. The vowel sounds that Hidayatul Azizi already pronounces fluently are the words 'jeut', 'loen', and the word 'itek'.

Research on the development of the concept of death in children and its influencing factors

In this study, 114 Chinese children aged 5–6 years old in Henan Province and 114 mothers were selected as research subjects, 59 boys, 55 girls, and 114 mothers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with children to test the development of the concept of death in children. At the same time, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the children’s mothers to analyze the influencing factors of the development of children’s concept of death. The results of the study showed that children aged 5–6 years had the concept of death, and the sub-components were acquired in a certain order, but the development was not balanced, the overall level of development of the concept of death is slightly higher in girls than in boys; “Whether or not the family talked openly about the topic of death” had a significant effect on the sub-component of the children’s concept of death, “Universality of death” (β = −0.301, t = −2.007, p < 0.05) and “causality of death” (β = 0.315, t = 2.582, p < 0.05); and “whether or not there was the experience of exposure to death-related events” had a significant effect on “Irreversibility of death” (β = −0.326, t = −2.36, p < 0.05); Mothers’ natural acceptance of death (β = −0.293, t = −2.209, p < 0.05) and convergence-orientated acceptance (β = 0.415, t = 2.315, p < 0.05) had significant effects on the “inorganicity of death” of children’s concept of death.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Death in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Population: Data Analysis from a Large General Hospital in Anhui, China.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, clinical prevention, early diagnosis, and hematological monitoring were challenging areas.This study aims to comparerisk factors and hematological and biochemical data in non-survivor group patientswith COVID-19 versus survivor group patients.A total of 204 patients with COVID-19 were selected as research subjects from December 2022 to January 2023. We analyzed the age, sex, time from onset to admission, and laboratory test indicators upon admission. The differences between surviving and deceased patients and mortality-related risk factors were examined. Among the 204 patients, 168 survived, whereas 36 died during hospitalization. Significant differences were observed between the two groups with COVID-19 across various factors, including age (p < 0.0001), WBC count (p < 0.0001), RBC count (p < 0.05), neutrophils (p < 0.0001), lymphocytes (p < 0.05), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.0001), RBC distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD) (p < 0.0001), RBC distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) (p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.05), albumin (ALB) (p < 0.0001), creatinine (CR) (p < 0.0001), uric acid (UA) (p < 0.0001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p < 0.0001), plasma thrombin time (TT) (p < 0.05), prothrombin time (PT) (p < 0.0001), and D-dimer (p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that older age, CR, UA, and ALB were independent factors associated with death (p < 0.05).Elderly patients with underlying diseases, abnormal routine blood test indices, and abnormal renal function and coagulation indices are at an increased worse prognosisand should be identified early. Age, UA, CR, and ALB can be used as predictors to assess the worse prognosisin the hospital.

Fault diagnosis of drone motors driven by current signal data with few samples

Multi rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are extensively utilized across various domains, and the motor constitutes a pivotal element in the UAV power system. The majority of UAV failures and crashes stem from motor malfunctions, underscoring the imperative need for comprehensive research on fault diagnosis in UAV motors to ensure the stable and reliable execution of flight tasks. This study focuses on quadrotor UAVs as the research subject and devises targeted fault simulation experiments based on the structural features and operational characteristics of the DC brushless motor used in quadrotor UAVs, specifically examining the stator, rotor, and bearings. To address challenges related to the UAV’s own loads, limited space for redundant parts, and the high cost and difficulty associated with installing sensors for traditional fault diagnostic signals such as vibration and temperature, this study opts to use current signals as a substitute. This approach resolves the issue of challenging data collection for UAVs and investigates a current signal based fault diagnosis method for UAV motors. Lastly, in response to the limited training samples available for fault data due to the UAV’s highly sensitive characteristics regarding the health status of its components and flight stability, traditional machine learning and deep learning methods encounter difficulties in identifying representative features with a small number of training samples, leading to the risk of overfitting and reduced model accuracy in fault diagnosis. To overcome this challenge, we propose a hybrid neural network fault diagnosis model that incorporates a width learning system and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The width learning system eliminates temporal characteristics from the original current signal, capturing more comprehensive and representative sample features in the width feature space. Subsequently, the CNN is employed for feature extraction and classification tasks. In empirical small sample fault diagnosis experiments using current signal data for UAV motors, our proposed model outperforms other models used for comparison.

KOMUNIKASI INTRAPERSONAL MELALUI MEDITASI (STUDI FENOMENOLOGI DI INSTAGRAM @PISHIYOGA)

Humans, as individual beings, must have an awareness of their thoughts and behavior so that they can find balance and self-concept. Therefore, humans need to carry out intrapersonal communication optimally, and one form of embodiment of intrapersonal communication is meditation. Researchers use Instagram @pishiyoga as a medium for meditation because it has flexibility. The purpose of this study was to find out the process of intrapersonal communication through meditation on Instagram @pishiyoga. The data sources used in this paper are primary and secondary data. The research method is a phenomenologic qualitative approach that aims to reduce individual experience to get the essentials. Primary data in the study were obtained from complete participation observations involving researchers as research subjects and interviews. In contrast, secondary data were obtained from literature and documentation to support the data that had been obtained. Data collection methods used are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was done through data reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusion. The study results show that intrapersonal communication through meditation is interpreted as a process of finding identity, gaining awareness, and a necessity in the process of self-healing, which is intended to obtain the formation of a personality. positive self-concept

Bibliometric Analysis of Arabic Proficiency based on Scopus-Indexed Articles

This study examined the evolution of research on Arabic language competency, including which nations have made substantial contributions, what topics come up regularly, and what research subjects are available to those interested in the discipline. This research is a bibliometric analysis on academic papers dealing with Arabic speaking skills. The total of 155 articles are collected from the Scopus website, then uploaded to the biblioshiny application using R-studio Cloud. All information is extracted to CSV format for data analysis and then entered the VOS viewer. The results show that (1) due to historical reasons and proximity to the Arabic language, Israel is the country with the largest number of authors on "Arabic speaking proficiency", followed by Egypt; (2) the keywords that often appear in articles on Arabic speaking proficiency are "phonological awareness", "diglossia", and "literacy"; (3) in general, the trend of the quantity of publications on the themes studied is increasing from year to year, indicating the growing interest of academics on the topic being discussed; (4) based on theme mapping, the dominant linguistic-related keywords in relation to the issue are also very open to being associated with other aspects such as SES (socioeconomic status), dyslexia, diglossia, and bilingualism.

Burnout Phenomenon on Principals: Impact on Behavior and its Mitigation Strategies

Objective: This research was conducted to gain further understanding of the real experiences (life experiences) of private school principals in order to reveal the substantive meaning of the entire process of their experience of the burnout phenomenon through personal interactions with the principals who were the research subjects which were then articulated through a burnout model that explains more about the processes and factors that play a role in the dynamics of the burnout phenomenon that apply specifically to the subject of school principals. Theoretical Framework: Qualitative research conducted using the phenomenological approach. Research validity was obtained through triangulation of data sources and cross perspectives. Research reliability was obtained through data saturation and in-depth-understanding of the subject from the selected informants. Method: 12 school principals that have worked for around 5-17 years are selected through criteria matching for interviews. This research uses narrative analysis of stories obtained from in-depth interviews with research informants. Result and conclusion: This research has presented evidence that although the role of a leader is very important to motivate and improve the performance of the people being led, in fact the same thing also applies vice versa, the more the people being led or managed can be cooperative with the leader, the more positive the performance of a leader, especially for private school principals in Indonesia. On the other hand, educational foundations as the authority to supervise school principals also have a role in creating a conducive situation for school principals to carry out their duties as well as possible. Research Implications: This research point out several potential steps that need to be taken by educational foundations or organizations that manage an educational institution. This is to ensure that anyone who serves as a school principal can play their role appropriately, efficiently, and produce added value to the organization in the long term. Originality/Value: The findings of this research reinforce theories regarding the burnout phenomenon that have existed so far, by enriching and clarifying the understanding of the meaning of the phenomenon by which the burnout phenomenon occurs at the leadership level in education industry nowadays.

Effects of different nutrition interventions on sarcopenia criteria in older people: A study protocol for a systematic review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.

Sarcopenia, a subject of extensive research, has led to numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews (SR). These reviews aid healthcare professionals by summarizing results and conducting meta-analyses, enhancing reliability. However, the abundance of reviews complicates decision-making on sarcopenia management. To address this, SR of SR have emerged, consolidating data from various sources into comprehensive documents. To assess the isolated impact of dietary interventions on sarcopenia's diagnostic criteria for older individuals. A study protocol for a SR of SR, following Cochrane and PRISMA recommendations. The search strategy includes the MeSH 'sarcopenia' and its subheadings; 'aged' and its subheadings; 'nutrition' and its subheadings; and filter 'systematic review', performed at main databases. Selected studies must include older adults, submitted to nutritional interventions compared to control groups. Quantitative analyses will use inverse variance statistic method (random effects); the effect measures mean difference. Heterogeneity measured with Q-Test. The results of this SR of SR may provide valuable information about the sarcopenia treatment, deepening the knowledge about. This protocol is reproducible, requires low cost and personnel, and may allow a higher understanding on sarcopenia treatment and management on older people.